Endoscopy

What is Gastroscopy?

A flexible fiberoptic tube is inserted under sedation via the mouth into the food gullet to examine the stomach and the 1st part of the small intestine (duodenum) under video guidance. Some of the following conditions may be diagnosed:

1.Gastric or Duodenal ulcers ‍

These are defects in the lining of the stomach or intestine that if untreated may cause pain, perforation or bleeding.

2.Gastritis ‍

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach that can be caused by a bacterium called H. Pylori. Untreated this may cause pain, bloating and ulcers. There is evidence to show this may be a cancer causing agent.

3.Oesophageal reflux  

Laxity of the sphincter muscle of the food gullet can cause acid in the stomach to reflux into it. This can cause pain and irritation. If this is chronic, ulceration, change of the type of lining and ultimately cancer can ensue.

What is Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is similar to gastroscopy except that the fibre optic tube is inserted via the anus to examine the large intestine and in some cases the last part of the small intestine. Some conditions that may be diagnosed include:

1.Polyps

These are precancerous growths that when small, can be completely removed using a wired loop via the scope without surgery.

2.Colorectal Cancer

Malignant growths that can spread to other organs if untreated.

3.Colitis

Inflammation of the colon that can result in mucus and blood passed. Usually due to infection but can be a chronic form called inflammatory bowel disease.

What are the benefits of endoscopy?

Medical treatment is sufficient in the majority of cases of gastritis with the eradication of the bacterium, H. Pylori. This is the leading cause of stomach, duodenal inflammation and ulcers. Effective treatment is now available with combination antibiotics and gastric acid reducing drugs.

‍Screening for colorectal cancer is now recommended for average risk individuals above the age of 50. Colonoscopy is a safe and effective method. Malignant growths can be detected and polyps can be removed. Other causes like inflammatory bowel disease can be treated with medication on diagnosis. Alternatives to colonoscopy include barium enema and virtual colography.

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